大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩成因及形成构造背景     

杨小鹏  王长兵  李文庆 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1338-1349

本文对大兴安岭北段索图罕地区碱长花岗岩进行了系统的全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,并探讨了其成因和构造意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩形成于早白垩世,年龄为（139.50±0.56）Ma。岩石地球化学结果显示,索图罕林场碱长花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性的A型花岗岩,岩石具有富硅和碱、贫CaO和MgO的特征,岩石稀土元素质量分数较高,相对富集轻稀土元素,具有明显的负Eu异常,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、P、Ti等高场强元素,稀土元素配分图解具有右斜"V"字形的特征。索图罕林场碱长花岗岩为弱过铝质A型花岗岩,来源于地壳物质的部分熔融。样品微量元素构造判别图解落入后碰撞区域,代表伸展环境。结合区域地质特征,认为该碱长花岗岩的形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的岩石圈伸展相关。  相似文献   

东北大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩的时空分布及与区域构造演化关系的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

冯志强  刘永江  金巍  蒋立伟  李伟民  温泉波  李小玉  张铁安  杜兵盈  马永非  张丽 《地学前缘》2019,26(2):120-136

大兴安岭北段作为中亚造山带东段重要组成单元,该区域的构造背景一直悬而未决,它涉及兴安与松辽地块基底属性、额尔古纳地块亲缘性以及三者之间的拼贴位置、时限和方式等众多科学问题。蛇绿岩作为研究造山带的重要工具之一,不仅是古板块或微地块的重要边界,而且是认识地幔组成和壳幔演化的重要窗口。然而大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩却鲜有报道。根据近年来野外工作及结合前人研究成果,文章探讨了蛇绿岩形成时代及构造环境。研究表明：(1)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩整体呈北东向展布,但时代跨越较大,主要包括新元古代、早奥陶世-志留纪、石炭纪-二叠纪;(2)大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩均有E-MORB地球化学特征,其中新元古代的蛇绿岩明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,而晚古生代的蛇绿岩则相对富集高场强元素;(3)大兴安岭北段新元古代蛇绿岩可能形成于洋内岛弧环境,记录着前寒武纪陆弧碰撞信息,而早奥陶世-志留纪蛇绿岩可能与早古生代弧盆体系演化相关。尽管上述认识为大兴安岭北段古生代的地球动力学背景研究提供了新的依据,但大兴安岭北段蛇绿岩仍存在较多问题亟须解决。  相似文献   

大兴安岭北段呼中西部塔木兰沟组火山岩年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义     

杨乃峰  杨李汀 《世界地质》2017,36(2):361-370

呼中火山岩位于大兴安岭北段,塔木兰沟组是其喷发较早的一期中基性火山岩。锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,呼中火山岩形成于(154±1)Ma,属晚侏罗世。呼中火山岩SiO_2为49.80%~55.96%、Al_2O_3为16.70%~18.93%、Na_2O+K_2O为6.35%~9.11%,属中基性高铝碱性岩石。微量元素特征显示,呼中火山岩富集大离子亲石元素Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,Nb/Ta=12.44~15.58。呼中火山岩元素含量及其比值的变化显示了本区塔木兰沟组玄武岩浆在分离结晶作用过程中受到了壳源物质的影响,其形成环境为板块边缘岛弧造山带环境,由古亚洲洋和(或)蒙古—鄂霍茨克洋板块俯冲形成。  相似文献   

Urban locations and Black Metropolis resilience in the Great Depression     

《Geoforum》2017

Motivated by theoretical arguments about ethnicity and economics and by historical research on urban black communities in the United States, this paper investigates the resilience of the early twentieth-century Black Metropolis. The study tests hypotheses about changes during the Great Depression (1930–1940) in the advantages of various cities as locations of black communities’ ethnic economies, analyzing Census data on blacks’ representation in occupations reflecting the Black Metropolis’s professional, entrepreneurial, and cultural media pursuits. There is mixed support for the hypothesis that the nationally dominant urban centers of New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia had the most resilient Black Metropolises, a finding that casts doubt on claims that black communities in such key places enjoyed exceptionally favorable locational advantages. Yet, the results support the hypothesis that northern cities were, overall, more resilient locations than southern cities, particularly for black professionals and entrepreneurs, affirming the argument that the urban North’s Black Metropolises were vital economic opportunity centers for these black communities’ upper- and middle-classes.  相似文献   

大兴安岭北段富林矽卡岩铜矿床成因:印支期含矿岩浆源区特征、蚀变矿物学及勘查意义     

赵超  宋国学  秦克章  李光明  李真真  金露英  孟昭君  张夏楠 《岩石学报》2017,33(2):455-475

新近发现的印支期富林矽卡岩铜矿床位于大兴安岭北段新林区新林镇东约90km。矿区发育与成矿直接相关的花岗岩和侵入花岗岩中的花岗斑岩,矿体主要赋存于花岗岩与古元古代兴安桥组大理岩和早奥陶世黄斑脊山组钙质粉砂岩接触带内。富林矿床矿化与矽卡岩密切相关,整个矿化过程可分为两期:矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期,5个阶段:早期矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、氧化物阶段、早期硫化物阶段和晚期硫化物阶段,其中铜矿化主要发生在早期硫化物阶段。硫化物主要包括黄铜矿和黄铁矿,并含少量闪锌矿、方铅矿、斑铜矿等。蚀变类型包括石榴子石-透辉石矽卡岩化、阳起石-透闪石矽卡岩化、绿帘石矽卡岩化、绿泥石化、绢云母-粘土化、钾长石化和局部角岩化。电子探针分析(EMPA)结果表明:矿区内的石榴子石属钙铝-钙铁榴石系列,主要为钙铁榴石,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,以透辉石为主,闪石主要为透闪石、阳起石以及少量镁绿钙闪石和铁浅闪石,帘石为黝帘石-绿帘石系列。黑云母以镁铁黑云母和铁叶云母为主,绿泥石主要为密绿泥石和铁叶绿泥石,长石以正长石和钠长石为主。石榴子石成分剖面显示从核部到边部,石榴子石呈现出钙铝榴石和钙铁榴石交替变化的环带特征,且Fe~(3+)含量的逐渐升高暗示后期成矿流体氧逸度升高,结合黑云母Mg-Fe~(3+)-Fe~(2+)图解,说明富林矽卡岩型铜矿床形成于较强的氧化环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果显示花岗岩形成于~253Ma,花岗斑岩形成于~244Ma,为大兴安岭地区一期新的成矿事件。锆石原位Hf同位素测试结果表明,花岗岩εHf(t)介于-1.60~2.23,花岗斑岩εHf(t)介于-3.53~1.90,二者均具有古老的两阶段模式年龄,结合前人对区域构造背景的研究,认为富林花岗质岩石可能来自于松辽地块和兴安地块后碰撞背景下俯冲板片断离软溜圈上涌导致古老下地壳的部分熔融并卷入少量地幔物质而形成的岩浆。花岗斑岩及与斑岩有关的脉状矿化和蚀变的出现暗示富林地区可能存在印支期的斑岩型矿床,此外结合石榴子石、辉石成分特征以及辉石Mn/Fe比值与世界矽卡岩矿床对比,指出富林矿区外围找矿应综合考虑铜、钼、铁、金、铅、锌等矿化组合。  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variation in subtidal molluscan diversity amongst temperate estuarine habitats          下载免费PDF全文

Tom R. Davis  David Harasti  Brendan Kelaher  Stephen D. A. Smith 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)

Effective management of marine ecosystems is enhanced when detailed information on biodiversity is available. Key information to underpin management actions and conservation planning includes relationships between species assemblages and environmental gradients, and information on species distributions. We conducted a subtidal biodiversity assessment of surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in eight a priori defined habitat types using underwater visual censuses to quantitatively explore relationships between molluscan assemblages, and their correlation with benthic habitats and abiotic variables. In addition, variations in diversity were examined for two key habitat types (areas dominated by Dendronephthya australis and by filter feeders) over a period of 15 months to examine temporal change. We found that molluscs form distinct assemblages within subtidal habitats, but that assemblages within key habitats show inherent temporal variability. Regional (gamma) diversity of molluscs was found to result from a combination of: (i) within habitat alpha diversity, which increased with habitat complexity; (ii) between habitat beta diversity, with significant differences in molluscan assemblages amongst habitats with differing benthic growth, substrate type, and depth; and (iii) temporal beta diversity, with significant changes detected in molluscan assemblages over time. The results demonstrate how habitats and abiotic variables (principally depth and substrate type) combine to contribute to molluscan biodiversity in temperate estuaries, and illustrate the value of these factors as surrogates for surface‐dwelling subtidal molluscs in conservation planning.  相似文献   

New style of honeycomb structures revealed on 3D seismic data indicate widespread diagenesis offshore Great South Basin,New Zealand     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

In the Great South Basin, within the Eocene section, at time-depths around 700–900 ms two way time below the seafloor, unusual features are observed on 3D seismic data closely associated with polygonal faults. The features, referred to as honeycomb structures (HS), cover an area of ∼600 km², are packed circular, oval, to polygonal depressions 150–400 m across in plan view and several to 10 + m in amplitude. Polygonal faults rapidly die out at the Marshall Paraconformity, which is overlain by the Oligocene Penrod Formation. Hence the polygonal faults are inferred to have formed prior to the Marshall Paraconformity, and they cross-cut HS features. Consequently the top of the HS probably formed at burial depths of around 375–500 m, which is their decompacted depth below the paraconformity. The interval containing HS is about 125 m vertical thick. There are several possible origins for the HS. The most probable is related to bulk contraction of the sediment volume accompanied by fluid expulsion, which suggests a diagenetic origin, in particular the opal-A/CT transition. There are actually two polygonal fault systems (PFS) present in the area. The Southern Tier 1 PFS lies laterally to the HS and overlaps with it. The Northern PFS (Tier 2) lies above the HS, appears to be independent of the HS, and formed in the upper 200–300 m of the sediment column. The Tier 1 PFS probably formed by shear failure related to the same diagenetic effects that caused the HS.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and origin of organic-rich sediment veins in fractured granitic basement,Helmsdale, Sutherlandshire,UK     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Black sediment veins up to 2 cm width penetrate the Caledonian Helmsdale Granite in the vicinity of the Helmsdale Fault, onshore Moray Firth. The black colour and geochemistry of the veins reflect a high content of organic carbon. Both Devonian and Jurassic shales are conceivable available sources, but sterane compositions relate the organic matter to the Jurassic shales. A content of extractable organic matter higher than in the shales suggests that the carbon in the veins represents oil rather than mechanically mobilized shale. The oil was present during sediment vein emplacement. The veins were emplaced forcefully, which may reflect high fluid pressure associated with post-Jurassic movement on the Helmsdale Fault.  相似文献   

南岭离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿规律研究新进展   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

赵芝  王登红  陈郑辉  陈振宇 《地质学报》2017,91(12):2814-2827

离子吸附型稀土矿是我国的优势资源,是全球重稀土的主要来源。20世纪80年代我国对此类矿床的成矿规律开展过大量研究,但仍有诸多未解之谜。为了解目前离子吸附型稀土资源的分布特征和成矿规律,2011~2015年中国地质科学院矿产资源所三稀项目组对52个离子吸附型稀土矿床进行了综合研究,本文介绍稀土成矿规律研究方面取得的一些新进展:(1)离子吸附型稀土矿床广泛分布在华南地区,以南岭最为发育,近些年在越南、老挝、泰国及美国也有发现。矿床主要产在花岗岩和酸性火山岩风化壳中,近几年也在变质岩和灰岩风化壳中有所发现,但花岗岩离子吸附型稀土矿床规模较大,品位较高,仍是最为重要的一类(亚类)稀土矿床;(2)成矿花岗岩的形成时代范围较宽,锆石U-Pb年龄集中在461~384Ma、228~242Ma和189~94Ma三个区间。相对于LREE型成矿花岗岩,HREE型更加富硅,富HREE,具有强烈的负Eu异常,普遍高Rb,低Ti、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ba、Sr等微量元素,暗示HREE型成矿花岗岩岩浆经历了高度分异。值得注意的是,部分LREE型成矿花岗岩相对富集HREE,特别是富集Y,轻重稀土元素比值(LREE/HREE)多介于1~3之间,风化易形成HREE型风化壳,这很可能是今后重稀土资源的重要来源之一;(3)成矿花岗岩中稀土矿物的成因多样,有岩浆成因(如榍石、褐帘石、独居石、磷钇矿等)、流体交代成因(稀土氟碳酸盐类)和表生成因(水磷铈矿、水磷镧矿等),稀土元素的内生矿化很大程度上受流体交代作用影响;(4)发育完整的风化壳垂向剖面中稀土元素含量呈"弓背式"分布,即表土层和半风化层中含量低,全风化层中含量高,但受地形、地貌及地表水等因素的影响,稀土含量变化曲线呈多种形态。垂向上LREE和HREE可分层富集,即全风化层上部富集LREE,下部富集HREE,也可以同时富集在全风化层下部。华南大量成矿母岩和风化壳样品的化学风化蚀变指数(CIA)与稀土元素总量(∑REE)之间存在明显的相关性,当CIA85%时,CIA与∑REE呈正相关,当85%CIA100%时,CIA与∑REE呈负相关;(5)表生过程中,母岩中易风化的稀土矿物不断释放出可交换性吸附态的稀土元素,酸性淋滤作用是稀土元素迁移的动力,黏土矿物是稀土元素赋存的载体,风化程度影响稀土元素的次生富集。  相似文献   

The Chalukou deposit in the North Great Xing’an Range of China: A protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming system in a long-lived magmatic evolution cycle     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Chalukou deposit is located in the North Great Xing’an Range of the Xing’an-Mongolia Orogen bordering and to the northeast of the North China Craton. The deposit is a high-F-type porphyry Mo deposit hosted by the Chalukou composite igneous body containing small intrusive bodies genetically related to Mo mineralization. The composite igneous body includes pre-mineralization dolerite, monzogranite and syenogranite, syn-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, granitic porphyry and fine-grained monzogranite, and post-mineralization rhyolitic porphyry, quartz porphyry, dioritic porphyry and andesitic porphyry. Detailed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb zircon dating of the igneous components of the composite igneous body was carried out to determine the temporal framework for magmatism in the Chalukou region. The new LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages constraint documented here, together with the published ages, indicate that there was a protracted porphyry Mo ore-forming event of approximately 7 million years between ca. 152 when the ore related rhyolitic porphyry was emplaced and ca.145 Ma when molybdenite ceased being deposited. The dating reveals that the mineralization is a part of relatively long-lived magmatic cycle involving the emplacement of small doleritic stocks at ca. 165 Ma that progressively evolved into extensive granitic intrusions at ca. 164 Ma, and then diminished with the emplacement of mineralization-related porphyries to ca. 152 Ma. The emplacement of barren Early Cretaceous magmatism, represented by volcanic units in the ca. 136 Ma Guanghua Formation and porphyries, followed the mineralized magmatism.The syn-mineralization porphyry units associated with Mo contain zircons assaying ∼15 times higher in U and Th than the pre-mineralization magmatic phases. This indicates that there was a significant enrichment of Mo, U and Th in the magma, and directly associated with ore fluid exsolution. The return to their normal levels in the three elements in the post-mineralization magmatic phases indicates that they were exhausted from the magma chamber in the later phases. A genetic model is proposed for the enormous introduction of ore metals and enrichment at the Chalukou deposit. The protracted and multiphase igneous activity during the long-lived magmatism reflects a multistage enrichment of metal, and may play a crucial role in the formation of a volatile-enriched, fertile and large-volume magma chamber beneath the Chalukou deposit. Such a chamber is envisaged to be required for the formation of porphyry Mo deposits in general.  相似文献